Europe must keep a pace with our global competitors in ICT research and digital innovation.

We must continue to invest in world-class ICT research and innovation in order to boost growth and jobs. We will continue to set up innovative Public-Private Partnerships to encourage innovation in Europe; and exploit the opportunities available through Horizon 2020 research funding programs.

Topics included in this chapter:

• Innovation - we are working on initiatives to stimulate innovation in Europe by strengthening the ICT ecosystem, and supporting European researchers, companies, and entrepreneurs.
• Emerging Technologies - most of our research tries to meet our current needs; but we also need to invest in longer-term research, where tomorrow's innovations will come from.
• Digital infrastructures offer researchers an easy and controlled online access to facilities, resources and collaboration tools, bringing to them the power of ICT for computing, connectivity, data storage and access to virtual research environments.
• Open Science makes research more efficient, transparent and effective by new, digital tools for scientific collaboration, experiments and analysis and by making scientific knowledge more easily accessible.
• Robotics technologies help Europe maintain and expand a competitive manufacturing sector with millions of jobs; they also offer new solutions to societal challenges from ageing to health, smart transport, security, energy and environment.
• Components and systems - Europe is at the forefront of these disciplines; we want to maintain our leadership through a huge research effort in this field.
• Research advisors CAF and FETAG will help us set the priorities for future Horizon 2020 work programme
  .

By: Maria Theresia 9I/19

As technology changes the way we live our day-to-day lives, it is fascinating to imagine what the future will bring. We may like to imagine one day living on Mars with technology that lets us teleport our toothpaste from CVS and the ability to apparate like Harry Potter.

To help us better imagine what the future holds, Thomson Reuters’ Intellectual Property & Science division compiled areport of the 10 innovations they believe will take place by 2025. They looked through research databases to find the top patent fields with the most inventions containing a priority date of 2012 or later.

These are the 10 innovations Thomson Reuters anticipates will become a reality by 2025:

Dementia will decline.

Thanks to a better understanding of the human genome and genetic mutations, doctors and scientists will be better able to detect and prevent diseases like dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. By identifying problematic DNA, scientists will be able to produce actual technology to fight the biological decline of one’s mental capacity.

Flickr/waynenf

Solar will be the biggest source of energy.

By 2025, methods for harvesting, storing, and converting solar energy will be advanced enough to make it the primary source of energy on our planet. Something called solar photovoltaic energy will use solar panels to heat buildings and water while powering devices at home and in the office.

Type I Diabetes will be preventable.

A human genome engineering platform will make it possible to modify disease-carrying genes and prevent conditions like Type I Diabetes. Doctors and scientists will be able to modify the RNA and DNA sequences that pass on the disease.

Food shortages and food price fluctuations will no longer be a problem.

Lighting and imaging technologies will improve crop growth year round and combat the problems of traditional farming. We will also be able to grow genetically-modified crops indoors. That means that disease and environmental factors will be less of an issue for crops, and the food we buy at grocery stores will be more consistently priced and available.

Bradley Berman/ReadWrite

Electric transportation will be huge.

Tesla is already making a splash, but by 2025 electric vehicles will take over traditional vehicles. Their battery will be able to last longer, so you will be able to travel longer distances more easily. And airplanes will adopt the technology too, which will totally change the way we travel.

Everything will be digitally connected.

Wireless communications will dominate our everyday lives by 2025. Cars, homes, and appliances will be connected, and this will be the case around the world in every location. New technology will be able to store energy and serve as electrodes to deliver this hyper-connectivity.

Biodegradable packing will be the norm.

Packaging will be made of cellulose materials that are plastic-like but actually made of plant matter so it’s biodegradable and better for the environment than the plastic bags we currently use at grocery stores.

There will safer, healthier drugs to fight cancer.

The toxic chemicals currently used to treat cancer can have harmful and debilitating side effects on patients, but by 2025, cancer-fighting drugs will be more precise and exact, leading to reduced side effects. More targeted drugs can bind to specific proteins and antibodies to cause a very specific action, and paired with advanced knowledge of gene mutations, this will lead to better treatments for cancer.

We will create DNA maps at birth to manage disease risk.

DNA mapping will be the norm thanks to advancements in single-cell analysis, nanotechnology, and Big Data technology. This could theoretically replace blood tests as a more accurate way of detecting diseases.

Teleportation will be tested.

Recent research related to the Higgs Boson particle, also known as the “God particle,” will help forward actual experimentation with teleporting. The idea is that turning off the Higgs Boson particle could let you travel at the speed of light and essentially teleport. It will only be at the beginning of testing, but there is a good chance there will be significant investing in testing teleportation.

by:benita grace s 9i/6

Sumber

Much of data management is essentially about extracting useful information from data. To do this, data must go through a data mining process to be able to get meaning out of it. There is a wide range of approaches, tools and techniques to do this, and it is important to start with the most basic understanding of processing data.

What is Data Processing?

Data processing is simply the conversion of raw data to meaningful information through a process. Data is manipulated to produce results that lead to a resolution of a problem or improvement of an existing situation. Similar to a production process, it follows a cycle where inputs (raw data) are fed to a process (computer systems, software, etc.) to produce output (information and insights).

Generally, organizations employ computer systems to carry out a series of operations on the data in order to present, interpret, or obtain information. The process includes activities like data entry, summary, calculation, storage, etc. Useful and informative output is presented in various appropriate forms such as diagrams, reports, graphics, etc.

Stages of the Data Processing Cycle

1) Collection is the first stage of the cycle, and is very crucial, since the quality of data collected will impact heavily on the output. The collection process needs to ensure that the data gathered are both defined and accurate, so that subsequent decisions based on the findings are valid. This stage provides both the baseline from which to measure, and a target on what to improve.

Some types of data collection include census (data collection about everything in a group or statistical population), sample survey (collection method that includes only part of the total population), and administrative by-product (data collection is a byproduct of an organization’s day-to-day operations).

2) Preparation is the manipulation of data into a form suitable for further analysis and processing. Raw data cannot be processed and must be checked for accuracy. Preparation is about constructing a dataset from one or more data sources to be used for further exploration and processing. Analyzing data that has not been carefully screened for problems can produce highly misleading results that are heavily dependent on the quality of data prepared.

3) Input is the task where verified data is coded or converted into machine readable form so that it can be processed through a computer. Data entry is done through the use of a keyboard, digitizer, scanner, or data entry from an existing source. This time-consuming process requires speed and accuracy. Most data need to follow a formal and strict syntax since a great deal of processing power is required to breakdown the complex data at this stage. Due to the costs, many businesses are resorting to outsource this stage.

4) Processing is when the data is subjected to various means and methods of manipulation, the point where a computer program is being executed, and it contains the program code and its current activity. The process may be made up of multiple threads of execution that simultaneously execute instructions, depending on the operating system. While a computer program is a passive collection of instructions, a process is the actual execution of those instructions. Many software programs are available for processing large volumes of data within very short periods.

5) Output and interpretation is the stage where processed information is now transmitted to the user. Output is presented to users in various report formats like printed report, audio, video, or on monitor. Output need to be interpreted so that it can provide meaningful information that will guide future decisions of the company.

6) Storage is the last stage in the data processing cycle, where data, instruction and information are held for future use. The importance of this cycle is that it allows quick access and retrieval of the processed information, allowing it to be passed on to the next stage directly, when needed. Every computer uses storage to hold system and application software.

The Data Processing Cycle is a series of steps carried out to extract information from raw data. Although each step must be taken in order, the order is cyclic. The output and storage stage can lead to the repeat of the data collection stage, resulting in another cycle of data processing. The cycle provides a view on how the data travels and transforms from collection to interpretation, and ultimately, used in effective business decisions.

by: Antonio Evander Ismoaji  9I/ 5

Source: Click ini

IT software and hardware

IT includes several layers of physical equipment (hardware), virtualization and management or automation tools, operating systems and applications (software) used to perform essential functions. User devices, peripherals and software, such as laptops, smartphones or even recording equipment, can be included in the IT domain. IT can also refer to the architectures, methodologies and regulations governing the use and storage of data.

Business applications include databases like SQL Server, transactional systems such as real-time order entry, email servers like Exchange, Web servers like Apache, customer relationship management and enterprise resource planning systems. These applications execute programmed instructions to manipulate, consolidate, disperse or otherwise affect data for a business purpose.

Computer servers run business applications. Servers interact with client users and other servers across one or more business networks. Storage is any kind of technology that holds information as data. Information can take any form including file data, multimedia,telephony data and Web data, data from sensors or future formats. Storage includes volatile random access memory (RAM) as well as non-volatile tape, hard disk and solid-state flash drives.

IT architectures have evolved to include virtualization and cloud computing, where physical resources are abstracted and pooled in different configurations to meet application requirements. Clouds may be distributed across locations and shared with other IT users, or contained within a corporate data center, or some combination of both deployments.

IT education and job functions

A team of administrators and other technical staffers deploy and manage the company's IT infrastructure and assets. IT teams depend on a wide range of specialized information and technology skills and knowledge to support equipment, applications and activities. Third-party contractors and IT vendor support personnel augment the IT team.

The information technology profession is extremely diverse: IT workers can specialize in fields like software development, application management, hardware -- desktop support, server or storage administrator -- and network architecture. Many businesses seek IT professionals with mixed or overlapping skill sets.

Common IT careers:

Chief information officer: This person is responsible for IT and computer systems that support the enterprise's goals.

Chief technology officer: This person sets all technology goals and policies within an organization.

IT director: This person is responsible for the function of all of the business's technology tools and processes. This role is commonly called IT manager or IT leader.

Systems administrator: This person configures, manages, supports and troubleshoots a multi-user computing environment. Within an enterprise, this role can be segmented by technology, requiring an administrator or team dedicated to server, desktop, network, virtualization or other components.

By: Irvian Chandra Dewa 9I/ 13

Source: click ini

Information Technology (IT)

Information technology (IT) is the use of any computers, storage, networking and other physical devices, infrastructure and processes to create, process, store, secure and exchange all forms of electronic data.

Typically, IT is used in the context of enterprise operations as opposed to personal or entertainment technologies. The commercial use of IT encompasses both computer technology and telephony.

The term information technology was coined by the Harvard Business Review, in order to make a distinction between purpose-built machines designed to perform a limited scope of functions and general-purpose computing machines that could be programmed for various tasks. As the IT industry evolved from the mid-20th century, it encompassed transistors and integrated circuits -- computing capability advanced while device cost and energy consumption fell lower, a cycle that continues today when new technologies emerge.

By: Maria Theresia 9I/19 

Source: http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/IT